The HBM developed by Godfrey Hochbaum et al., in the early 1950s, consists of five major conceptual components (Hochbaum, 1958). Perceived susceptibility is a person’s subjective perception of the risk of developing a particular health problem. Perceived severity is defined as concerns about the seriousness of the health problem and its consequences, for example, death, disability and social restrictions. Perceived benefit refers to the individual’s beliefs in the effectiveness of actions designed to reduce the severity of the health problem. Perceived barriers are the perception of potential obstacles such as financial, psychological or costs, to implementing the desired behaviour. Self-efficacy refers to the confidence that one can successfully practice the behaviour required to produce the outcome (Strecher and Rosenstock, 1997). The HBM is among the most influential health behaviour change models in the world and has been extensively evaluated.