Oxidative stress is also a key factor in the pathogenesis of CVD
(e.g., atherosclerosis). One such mechanisms is occurrence of
oxidation-specific fractions of cholesterol moleculesdlow-density
lipoprotein (LDL). For the immune system, oxidized LDL
particles are unwanted and macrophages capturing them
become filled with fat foam cells, which form so-called plaque.
The oxidation of LDL by ROS occurs most intensively in lining of
the coronary arteries, which through increased deposition process
in vessels may lead to a reduction in coronary artery patency
and, consequently, to a heart attack. The process of oxidation can
largely be prevented by eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
that are high in antioxidants [2,6].