The basic concept in behaviorism is behavior. And behaviorism talks about influencing behavior through the use of a stimulus. A stimulus is just something outside yourself. It might be a stamp on your foot or it might be I shine a light. It's just something that happens. And the idea is that the stimulus gets associated with a behavior. The initial form of behaviorism was classical conditioning. Most notably associated with Ivan Pavlov. You may have heard of his famous experiment where he was able to get dogs to salivate just by ringing a bell. What Pravlov did was start with an instinctive response. The dog salivated when it saw food that was it's initial, but then he introduced a stimulus, the ringing of the bell with giving the dog the food to the point where overtime the dog was conditioned to think that the bell somehow made food to the point where they would behave a certain way. The dog would salivate just based on the bell. That's classical conditioning. The more recent and more important form of behaviorism for gamification is operand conditioning; the most notable developer and advocate of which was BF Skinner in the mid 20th century. And operand conditioning introduces the notion of consequences. So we still have a stimulus, something happens and there is a behavior. But now the behavior has consequences. in behaviorism these are usually described as positive or negative reinforcements. You take an action and either something good happens, you get money, you get food, you get some benefit. or something bad happens. You get a punishment. Or maybe, a benefit is withheld, that's also a negative reinforcement. You're getting benefits and then its withheld. Either way there's some either good or bad consequence that comes from your actions. And as a result of the consequences, you change your behavior. You see the consequences enough times that you make an association. You are conditioned to do something differently based on the consequences, and we call that learning.