1 Introduction
The bottle shaped model holds a special place in discus-
sions of adsorption in porous materials. The model was first
proposed by McBain (1935) (who originated the term ink-
bottle) as a possible explanation for the existence of hys-
teresis in the adsorption desorption isotherm. In McBain’s
theory, filling continued after adsorbate had condensed in
the narrow neck because adsorbate liquid was driven into
the pore by increasing pressure (Sing et al. 1985). As
pressure was lowered again through the desorption branch,
the wide body remained filled, even after it became sub-
critical, because it was trapped by supercritical adsorbate in
the narrow neck. Later studies elaborated this idea into a
network model where adsorbate in wide sections remained
trapped until a percolation path opened up through nar-
rower pore sections (Nicholson 1968; Mason 1983; Liu
et al. 1993; Mayagoitia et al. 1997). Subsequent detailed
studies of adsorption and desorption in model pores
(Nguyen et al. 2011; Ravikovitch and Neimark 2002;
Grosman and Ortega 2008, 2011; Vishnyakov and Neimark
2001, 2003a, 2003b; Libby and Monson 2004; Rasmussen
et al. 2012; Neimark et al. 2003; Puibasset 2010; Jorge and