คำศัพท์ทางการแพทย์Mosquitoes in the

คำศัพท์ทางการแพทย์Mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex thrive in temperate and tropical regions worldwide, and serve as efficient vectors
of Bancroftian lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in Asia, Africa, the West Indies, South America, and
Micronesia. However, members of this mosquito complex do not act as natural vectors for Brugian LF caused by Brugia
malayi, or for the cat parasite B. pahangi, despite their presence in South Asia where these parasites are endemic. Previous
work with the Iowa strain of Culex pipiens pipiens demonstrates that it is equally susceptible to W. bancrofti as is the natural
Cx. p. pipiens vector in the Nile Delta, however it is refractory to infection with Brugia spp. Here we report that the infectivity
barrier for Brugia spp. in Cx. p. pipiens is the mosquito midgut, which inflicts internal and lethal damage to ingested
microfilariae. Following per os Brugia exposures, the prevalence of infection is significantly lower in Cx. p. pipiens compared
to susceptible mosquito controls, and differs between parasite species with ,50% and ,5% of Cx. p. pipiens becoming
infected with B. pahangi and B. malayi, respectively. When Brugia spp. mf were inoculated intrathoracically to bypass the
midgut, larvae developed equally well as in controls, indicating that, beyond the midgut, Cx. p. pipiens is physiologically
compatible with Brugia spp. Mf isolated from Cx. p. pipiens midguts exhibited compromised motility, and unlike mf derived
from blood or isolated from the midguts of Ae. aegypti, failed to develop when inoculated intrathoracically into susceptible
mosquitoes. Together these data strongly support the role of the midgut as the primary infection barrier for Brugia spp. in
Cx. p. pipiens. Examination of parasites recovered from the Cx. p. pipiens midgut by vital staining, and those exsheathed with
papain, suggest that the damage inflicted by the midgut is subcuticular and disrupts internal tissues. Microscopic studies of
these worms reveal compromised motility and sharp bends in the body; and ultrastructurally the presence of many fluid or
carbohydrate-filled vacuoles in the hypodermis, body wall, and nuclear column. Incubation of Brugia mf with Cx. p. pipiens
midgut extracts produces similar internal damage phenotypes; indicating that the Cx. p. pipiens midgut factor(s) that
damage mf in vivo are soluble and stable in physiological buffer, and inflict damage on mf in vitro

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 1:

คำศัพท์ทางการแพทย์mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex thrive in temperate and tropical regions worldwide, and serve as efficient vectorsof Bancroftian lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in Asia, Africa, the West Indies, South America, andMicronesia. However, members of this mosquito complex do not act as natural vectors for Brugian LF caused by Brugiamalayi, or for the cat parasite B. pahangi, despite their presence in South Asia where these parasites are endemic. Previouswork with the Iowa strain of Culex pipiens pipiens demonstrates that it is equally susceptible to www. bancrofti as is the naturalCx. p. pipiens vector in the Nile Delta, however it is refractory to infection with Brugia spp. Here we report that the infectivitybarrier for Brugia spp. in Cx. p. pipiens is the mosquito midgut, which inflicts internal and lethal damage to ingestedmicrofilariae. Following per os Brugia exposures, the prevalence of infection is significantly lower in Cx. p. pipiens comparedto susceptible mosquito controls, and differs between parasite species with, 50% and, 5s of Cx. p. pipiens becominginfected with B. pahangi and B. malayi, respectively. When Brugia spp. mf were inoculated intrathoracically to bypass themidgut, larvae developed equally well as in controls, indicating that, beyond the midgut, Cx. p. pipiens is physiologicallycompatible with Brugia spp. Mf isolated from Cx. p. pipiens midguts exhibited compromised motility, and unlike mf derivedfrom blood or isolated from the midguts of Ae. aegypti, failed to develop when inoculated intrathoracically into susceptiblemosquitoes. Together these data strongly support the role of the midgut as the primary infection barrier for Brugia spp. inCx. p. pipiens. Examination of parasites recovered from the Cx. p. pipiens midgut by vital staining, and those exsheathed withpapain, suggest that the damage inflicted by the midgut is subcuticular and disrupts internal tissues. Microscopic studies ofthese worms reveal compromised motility and sharp bends in the body; and ultrastructurally the presence of many fluid orcarbohydrate-filled vacuoles in the hypodermis, body wall, and nuclear column. Incubation of Brugia mf with Cx. p. pipiensmidgut extracts produces similar internal damage phenotypes; indicating that the Cx. p. pipiens midgut factor (s) thatdamage mf in vivo are soluble and stable in physiological buffer, and inflict damage on mf in vitro

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Medical terminology Mosquitoes in The Culex Pipiens Complex Thrive in Temperate and Tropical Regions Worldwide, and serve As efficient vectors
of Bancroftian lymphatic Filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in Asia, Africa, The West Indies, South America, and
Micronesia. However. , Members of this Mosquito Complex do Not Act As natural vectors for Brugian LF caused by Brugia
malayi, or for The Cat Parasite B. pahangi, Despite their Presence in South Asia Where these parasites are endemic. Previous
Work with The Iowa Strain of Culex Pipiens. Pipiens demonstrates that it is equally susceptible to W. bancrofti As is The natural
Cx. P. Pipiens vector in The Nile Delta, however it is Refractory to infection with Brugia spp. Here we infectivity Report that The
Barrier for Brugia spp. in Cx. P. Pipiens is The Mosquito midgut, which inflicts internal and lethal damage to ingested
microfilariae. Following Per OS Brugia exposures, The Prevalence of infection is significantly Lower in Cx. P. Pipiens compared
to susceptible Mosquito Controls, and differs between Parasite Species with,. and 50%, 5% of Cx. P. Pipiens Becoming
infected with B. malayi and B. pahangi, respectively. When Brugia spp. MF were inoculated Intrathoracically to Bypass The
midgut, larvae developed equally Well As in Controls, Indicating that, Beyond. The midgut, Cx. P. Pipiens is physiologically
compatible with Brugia spp. Mf isolated from Cx. P. Pipiens Midguts exhibited compromised motility, and unlike MF derived
from Blood or isolated from The Midguts of Ae. aegypti, failed to Develop When inoculated Intrathoracically. Into susceptible
mosquitoes. Together these Data Strongly support The role of The midgut As The Primary infection Barrier for Brugia spp. in
Cx. P. Pipiens. Examination of parasites Recovered from The Cx. P. Pipiens midgut by Vital staining, and those Exsheathed with.
Papain, Suggest that The damage inflicted by The midgut is Subcuticular and disrupts internal tissues. Microscopic Studies of
these Worms Reveal compromised motility and sharp bends in The Body; and Ultrastructurally The Presence of many Fluid or
carbohydrate-filled vacuoles in The hypodermis, Body Wall. , and Nuclear column. Incubation of Brugia MF with Cx. P. Pipiens
midgut extracts produces similar internal damage phenotypes; Indicating that The Cx. P. Pipiens midgut factor (S) that
damage MF in Vivo are soluble and Stable in physiological buffer, and. inflict damage on mf in vitro

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

คำศัพท์ทางการแพทย์蚊子在库蚊生长在温带和热带地区，并作为有效的载体的班氏丝虫病
（LF）由班氏丝虫引起的亚洲，非洲，西印度群岛，美国南部和密克罗尼西亚，
。然而，这种蚊子的复杂不作为自然载体由马来丝虫引起brugian LF
，或猫寄生虫B.彭氏，尽管他们在南亚这些寄生虫的地方。与致倦库蚊库蚊爱荷华株以前的工作表明
同样受到W.丝虫是自然
CX。库蚊向量在尼罗河三角洲，然而它是难治性感染丝虫属。我们在这里报告，CX为马来属传染性
屏障。蚊是蚊子的中肠，造成摄入微丝蚴
内部和致命伤害。以下每OS马来暴露，CX的感染率明显降低。库蚊比较易感蚊虫控制
，不同的寄生虫物种之间，50%和5%，CX。
库蚊感染B.成为彭氏和马来丝虫，分别。当马来属MF接种胸腔绕过
幼虫中肠，发展同样作为对照组，这表明，在中肠，CX。库蚊是生理
马来属兼容MF分离CX。P.库蚊中肠表现出妥协的运动，不像从AE中肠分离MF派生
从血液或。埃及伊蚊，未能开发接种易感蚊虫胸腔到
。这些数据强烈支持中肠中
CX为马来属原发感染屏障。库蚊。从CX恢复寄生虫检查。P.库蚊中肠的活体染色，并与那些exsheathed
木瓜蛋白酶，表明肠造成的损害和破坏内部组织下。
这些蠕虫的微观研究揭示损害运动和弯曲的身体；超微结构的许多流体或
碳水化合物填充液泡在皮下组织，体墙的存在，以及核柱。马来MF CX孵化。
库蚊中肠提取物产生类似的内部损伤的表型；表明CX。库蚊中肠因子（S），在体内损伤MF
生理缓冲液中是可溶的和稳定的，并造成对MF体外损伤