2.1 the material costs (material cost). As the costs associated with materials, equipment, tools used in the production of both direct and indirect. Is as follows:2.1.1 direct materials (direct material cost) is a raw material used to manufacture directly. Most often a part of rubber products such as tires, there is direct raw materials, plastic and ink pens have a direct material, etc. The amount of raw materials/use to direct this unit in direct production.2.1.2 indirect materials (indirect material cost), for example, materials, tools, equipment used in the production of most production quantity will not use this directly, such as sandpaper, cloth, glue, nail, etc.Sometimes the indirect materials, it may be, is in the category of direct materials. Depending on the policies of each organization's accounting, such as knives, lathe for the CNC machines, which can be considered as indirect วัถุดิบ in groups of raw materials directly. The reason may be due to the high price, and the lifetime can be calculated per piece-work production. (Tool life), although the knife manufacturers will not have been equipped with by.2.2 labor costs (labor cost)As labour expenses and manufacture products to achieve a finished product. Can be similar to the cost object is the expense of the direct labor and indirect labor expense? Is as follows:2.2.1 the labour expenses directly (direct labor cost), for example, the daily value is true/employees salaries, which varies with the volume of production directly.2.2.2 expenses indirect labour (indirect labor cost), such as an employee's salary, the salary of the Manager, the money due the engineers logon. These expenses will not change with quantity in production directly.2.3 the expenses or factory overhead to production (overhead cost.) As expenses beyond the cost of the material and labor expenses, such as utilities, rent, maintenance, factory machinery, welfare, etc.3. the calculation of production costs.The production cost is calculated as follows:Production cost = cost of materials + labor + overhead costs.4. an analysis of the cost of production.Production cost analysis is needed very much as the gathering, distribution, analysis, and reporting expenses that occur in various parts of the cost of production, so useful to management and implementation of the policies of the administration.The purpose of the analysis of the costs of production are as follows:In order to determine the production cost to find the nearest: usually, the cost of production calculations are off because of the many factors in the production of such waste must be reproduced to make work the unit costs increase as production processes, lack of efficiency, the production process is delayed. As a result, waste of resources, narong. Labor costs increased. Analysis of production cost will make the point that there is a high production costs-including low and t that make high production costs.To control and reduce production costs: when you know the reasons that caused the high production costs, we can find the revised standards, so that the production cost is lowered.To make decisions and plan tasks: for example, when informed of the problem that resulted in high production costs, and after the standard has been set to reduce production costs. It is possible to estimate production costs and lower sales prices. It is possible to add the ability to compete on price.To determine profit and financial status of the business: the analysis of the cost of production makes it possible to estimate the exact production costs, which will allow managers to profit can be estimated and the performance of the business.Information on the evaluation and control of the Administration: performance analysis of manufacturing costs come both the performance section of the personnel evaluates the operations and management of map elements (organization) To update and modify the performance even more.5. how to reduce production costs.Methods and ways to reduce production costs, the most popular and widespread is the loss of 7:1) loss from producing more than necessary (over production).More capacity than necessary or the Green trade requirements. If the language is spoken by the villagers, the sale is not enough. Best produced exceeds demand. Result in a loss of value in the storage and control of raw materials/products in process, WIP/finished products, especially labour costs, overtime.Why is the production of more than necessary.The estimated demand for the products of the ball up off of the sales department.Production planning, the lack of performance.There is a new, unexpected factors come to affect the quantity requirements of the customer.Guidelines for reducing the cost of producing more than necessary.Sales Department to update and analysis of the various factors that may affect the customer's purchase order quantity is always to improve the accuracy of sales.Director production planning must be coordinated very closely with the sales team to implement a customer requirement is updated in production planning.2) loss to waiting (Waiting).การรอคอยเป็นกระบวนการที่ไม่ก่อให้เกิดผลิตภัณฑ์และมูลค่า เช่น วัตถุดิบขาดสต๊อกทำให้กระบวนการผลิตเกิดการรอคอย เสียโอกาส เสียทั้งค่าแรงของพนักงาน. กระบวนการผลิตที่ไม่ต่อเนื่อทำให้เกิดการรอคอยในการผลิต เช่นเดียวกันสาเหตุที่ทำให้เกิดการรอคอยวัตถุดิบไม่เพียงพอให้ให้รอการผลิตเครื่องจักรเสียให้ต้องหยุดการผลิตกระบวนการผลิตไม่สมดุลเกิดอุบัติเหตุในการผลิตแนวทางในการลดต้นทุนที่เกิดจากการรอคอยมีการทบทวน safety stock-MOQ(minimum order quantity) และปรับปรุงให้เหมาะสม ช่วยลดการขาดสต๊อกของวัตถุดิบPlanned maintenance (preventive maintenance) machines to reduce production stops caused by a mechanical breakdown (the machine break down).There is an analysis of the process of preparation of the standard time (standard time) up-to-date to help in production planning, balance in each process the most.All protective equipment in machinery and equipment personal protective, and black.
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