Robert Golembiewski (1977), as we saw earlier, has argued that organizational
democracy is based on participation by all organization members
in decision making, frequent feedback of the results of organizational
performance, sharing of management-level information throughout the
organization, guarantees for individual rights, the availability of appeal or
recourse in cases of intractable disputes, and a set of supporting attitudes or
values. He suggested that the closer an organization is to these criteria, the
more democratic the organization will be. Edward Lawler (1990) advocates
what he calls “high-involvement” management, based on information sharing,
training, decision making, and rewards as the four key components of
a successful employee participation program. He argues that participation
enhances motivation because it helps people understand what is expected
and see the relationships between performance and outcomes.