The filtration ℱ contains all the information on the price process S of the underlying index from time 0 tot, and thus the past realized yearly index returns up to time t* are known. Consequently, the actual creditedand accumulated returns ℛ – after accounting for α, f, and c – are also known for all the past years. Thus,the unknown terms in (28) are the current year’s credited return, ℛ∗+1, and that of the future years left untilmaturity ℛ∗+2, ..., ℛ .