Despite a great diversity of development plans and planning techniques,certain basic characteristics of comprehensive planning have been common to most developing countries. Tony Killick has listed the following six characteristics as representative: (i) Starting from the political views and goals of government,planning attempts to define policy objectives,especially as they relate to the future development of the economy. (ii) A development plan sets out a strategy by means of which it intends to achieve the objectives,which are normally traslated into specific targets. (iii) The plan attempts to present a centrally coordinated,internally consistent set of princriples and policies,chosen as the optimal means of implementing the strategy and achieving the targets,and intended to be used as a framework to guide subsequent day-to-day decisions. (iv) It comprehends the whole economy (hence it is "comprehensive," in contrast to "colonial" or "public sector" planning). (v) To secure optimality and consistency, the comprehensive plan employs a more or less formalized macroeconomic model (often unpublished) to project the intended future performance of the economy. (vi) A development plan typically covers a period of, for example, five years,and finds physical expression as a medium-term plan document,which may, however, incorporate a longer-term perspective plan and be supplemented by annual plans.
Although the formulation of a comprehensive plan is the goal of most poor countries,it is sometimes necessary to base such plans on a more partial sectoral analysis. In very poor countries with limited date and minimal industrial diversification,partial plans may be the most that can be accomplished.
Despite a great diversity of development plans and planning techniques,certain basic characteristics of comprehensive planning have been common to most developing countries. Tony Killick has listed the following six characteristics as representative: (i) Starting from the political views and goals of government,planning attempts to define policy objectives,especially as they relate to the future development of the economy. (ii) A development plan sets out a strategy by means of which it intends to achieve the objectives,which are normally traslated into specific targets. (iii) The plan attempts to present a centrally coordinated,internally consistent set of princriples and policies,chosen as the optimal means of implementing the strategy and achieving the targets,and intended to be used as a framework to guide subsequent day-to-day decisions. (iv) It comprehends the whole economy (hence it is "comprehensive," in contrast to "colonial" or "public sector" planning). (v) To secure optimality and consistency, the comprehensive plan employs a more or less formalized macroeconomic model (often unpublished) to project the intended future performance of the economy. (vi) A development plan typically covers a period of, for example, five years,and finds physical expression as a medium-term plan document,which may, however, incorporate a longer-term perspective plan and be supplemented by annual plans. Although the formulation of a comprehensive plan is the goal of most poor countries,it is sometimes necessary to base such plans on a more partial sectoral analysis. In very poor countries with limited date and minimal industrial diversification,partial plans may be the most that can be accomplished.
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