The formation of free radicals and the resulting oxidative stress cause inefficient functioning of mitochondria. It is estimated that approximately 25% of the total energy contained in chemical bonds of carbohydrates is dispersed at the same time,accompanied by intensive production of ROS. According to one study, in order to balance the presence of free-oxygen radicals formed after a meal providing approximately 700 kcals, it is necessary to provide an amount of antioxidants that corresponds to 3.2 mmol TE [34]. Based on the research, it was found that there is a linear relationship between the amount of energy consumed and the need to enrich diets with antioxidants. According to recommendations
of U.S. Department of Agriculture a person with a daily diet with a total value of 2500 kcal should receive antioxidants
equivalent to 11.5 mmol TE. However, the quantity of supplied antioxidants also should depend on additional stressors
presence such as oxidant in environment; chemical contaminants in food; and use