By way of contrast, regulatory re- form measures in a number of American jurisdictions reduce bureaucratic impediments to business licensing by creating ‘‘one-stop-shops’’ (Devas and Kelly, 2001; Feiock and Jeong, 2002; Schnuer, 1997). The UK abandoned general business licens- ing in favor of industry-specific regulation. And Australia and New Zealand have done away with the licensing of certain businesses (Devas and Kelly, 2001).