As such, administrators will naturally be held to held to a set of athical stendards appropriate to the conduct of public affairs. Indeed, a substantial literature on the ethics of public service has developed. Without going into the details of that material, we should mention several important components of ethical concern in the public service. Some years ago, Paul Appleby urged that administrators attain a "special attitude of public rsponsidility" and that, in addition to learning the skills of management, thay would be imbued with the "democratic spirit